Calcium Carbonate (CAS 471-34-1)
Grade offerings: Ground Calcium Carbonate (GCC) · Precipitated Calcium Carbonate (PCC) · Surface-Treated Stearic Acid Grades
Calcium carbonate (EC/EINECS 207-439-9) is supplied as a fine white powder functioning as a functional filler and opacity enhancer in polymer and coating systems, a rheology modifier in paints and adhesives, and an acid-neutralizing agent in environmental and water-treatment applications. Grade selection depends on required particle morphology (GCC’s angular ground particles vs. PCC’s controlled precipitated crystal habit — scalenohedral, rhombohedral, or aragonite) and surface chemistry.
Instant Technical Summary
| Parameter | Value |
|---|---|
| Active Content (CaCO3\text{CaCO}_3 Assay) | ≥98.0% min |
| Physical Form | Fine white powder |
| Brightness / Whiteness (ISO 2470) | 92–97% (grade-dependent) |
| Average Particle Size (D50) | 0.7–15 µm (grade-dependent) |
| Oil Absorption | 15–35 g/100g (grade-dependent) |
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Technical Specifications & Chemical Data
| Technical Parameter | Standard Specification (GCC / PCC Grades) | Testing Method / Standard |
|---|---|---|
| CaCO3\text{CaCO}_3 Assay | 98.0%–99.5% min | EDTA complexometric titration |
| Whiteness / Brightness | 92–97% (ISO 2470) | ISO 2470 (R457 brightness) |
| Moisture Content | ≤0.2% (uncoated) / ≤0.3% (coated) | Loss-on-drying, 105°C |
| Particle Size Distribution | GCC: D50 2–15 µm, D90 <45 µm; PCC: D50 0.7–3 µm | Laser diffraction / sedigraph |
| Surface Treatment (Stearic Acid) | 0.8%–1.5% (coated grades) | Soxhlet extraction / FTIR |
| Oil Absorption | 15–35 g/100g | ASTM D281 (rub-out method) |
| Specific Gravity | 2.65–2.75 g/cm³ | Pycnometry |
| pH (10% aqueous suspension) | 8.5–9.5 | ASTM E70 |
Reaction Mechanism & Industrial Applications
Chemical Action & Thermal Kinetics
Acid-neutralizing mechanism — relevant to flue gas desulfurization, wastewater treatment, and soil correction applications:
Calcination dynamics — thermal decomposition above approximately 825°C, relevant to process conditions in lime production and high-temperature compounding environments:
Industrial Applications & End Uses
- Plastics & Masterbatches — Filler in PVC, PE, PP, and rubber compounds to enhance flexural modulus, impact strength, heat distortion temperature (HDT), and dimensional stability. Stearic acid-coated grades improve dispersion and reduce melt viscosity at high loadings.
- Paper & Packaging — Alkaline papermaking filler and coating pigment, improving opacity, smoothness, and brightness while enabling alkaline sizing systems with longer machine felt/wire life.
- Paints, Coatings & Adhesives — Rheology control, TiO2\text{TiO}_2 extension (cost-in-use reduction without proportional opacity loss), and mechanical durability enhancement in sealants and caulks.
- Environmental & Water Treatment — Flue gas desulfurization (FGD) reagent, acidic wastewater neutralization, and agricultural soil pH correction.
Processing & Formulation Protocols
Recommended loading rates range from 10% to 60%+ depending on application: 10–20% in engineering plastics for mechanical property retention, up to 40–60% in PVC profile/pipe and paper coating formulations. Stearic acid-coated grades are specified where hydrophobic surface chemistry is required for polymer matrix compatibility and reduced moisture pickup; uncoated grades are preferred for aqueous and alkaline systems (paper, water treatment) where surface polarity aids dispersion.
Packaging, Logistics & Transport
Packaging Configurations Standard 25 kg or 50 kg multi-wall paper/PE bags; 1,000 kg FIBC big bags with integrated moisture barriers; bulk pneumatic tanker delivery for high-volume industrial accounts.
Storage Protocols Store in a dry, covered, cool warehouse, protected from ambient moisture and acidic fumes to prevent caking or chemical degradation.
Shipping Classification Non-hazardous cargo (Non-DG) under UN transport guidelines. Safe for sea, road, and air transport with no special dangerous goods documentation required.
Safety, EHS & Regulatory Compliance
GHS Classification & Hazard Statements Non-classified as a hazardous substance under GHS. Standard nuisance dust handling guidelines apply (dust inhalation warning for prolonged, unprotected exposure).
Handling Precautions & PPE NIOSH-approved dust respirators, safety glasses with side shields, protective gloves, and local exhaust ventilation during bulk handling, bag-dumping, and pneumatic transfer operations.
Regulatory Certifications ISO 9001:2015 (Quality Management) · ISO 14001:2015 (Environmental Management) · REACH compliance (registered / exemption status per grade) · RoHS/WEEE compliance · FDA 21 CFR compliance available for food- and pharma-grade material · Batch-specific Certificate of Analysis (COA) issued with every shipment.
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